• 480  St. Benedict (Order of Saint Benedict) born (death 544) patriarch of western monasticism 
• 481 Clovis founds  Merovingian Dynasty in France
• 483 Nestorian Church breaks away from Orthodox Christian Church
• 493 Theodoric the Great of Ostrogoth conquers Italy,  becomes King, subject to Constantinople
• 527 Justinian made Emperor of Eastern Empire
• 528 Mihiragula leads the Huns invasion of India 
• 529 Justinian closes schools in Athens, his general Belisarius captures Naples
• 531 the Riegn of Chosroes I begins  in Persia (death 579)
• 543 Great plague strikes Constantinople
• 553 Justinian expells Goths from Italy, Cassiodorus's monastary founded
• 565 death of Justinian, Lombards conquer most of North Italy, Turks break up Ephthlites in Western Turkestan

         Rise of Islam

• 570 Muhammad born
• 590 Plague ravages Rome, Chrosoes II inhierits Persian throne
• 600 Abbot Probus of the Knights Hospitaller commisioned by Pope Gregory to build hospital in Jerusalem
• 610 Heraclius becomes emperor in Byzantine
• 618 Tang dynasty begins in China
• 619 Khosrau II holds Egypt Jerusalem,Damascus. Places armies on Hellspont
• 622 The Hegira (Muhammed's migration from Mecca to Medina)
• 623 Battle of Badr (the most important of the Muslim battles of Destiny)
• 626 Emperor Tang Taizong of China becomes second emperor of Tang dynasty
• 627 Great Persian defeat at Battle of Nineveh  by Heraclius; Meccan allies besiege Medina
• 628 Kavadh II murders and succeeds father, Chosroes II, Muhammad describes letters to all the rulers of the Earth (Qur'an)
• 629 Yuan makes way to India, Mohammed returns to Mecca
• 632 Death of Muhammed,  Abu Bekr declared Caliph

         Islamic Expansion

• 634  Umar ibn al-Khattab becomes second Caliph
• 635 Tai Tsung recieves Nestorian missionaries
• 636 Battle of Yarmouk, Moslems capture Syria
• 637 Battle of al-Qādisiyyah
• 638 Islamic calendar introduced Jerusalem surrenders to Islamic forces
• 642 Death of Heraclius
• 644 Othman becomes third Caliph
• 645 Yuan Chwang returns to Singan
• 655 Moslems defeat Byzantine fleet
• 656 Othman Murdered at Medina
• 661 Ali murdered, Muawiyah  made Caliph (first of the Omayyad Caliphs)
• 668 Muawija attacks Constantine by sea, Theodore of Tarsus becomes Arch-Bishop of Canterbury
• 675 Last of the sea attacks by Muawija on Constantine
• 687 Pepin of Herstal reunites Austrasia and Neustria
• 711 Moslem army invades Spain from Africa
• 716-717 Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik fails to take Constantinople
• 721 Charles Martel becomes Mayor of the palace for the three kingdoms of the Franks, Caliph Al-Walid I
  extends domain from Pyrenees to China
• 732 Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) wins Battle of Tours, defeating Moslems near Potiers
• 735 Death of the Venerable Bede (father of english history)
• 743 Walid II (the unbeliever) becomes Caliph, despite heavy opposition, due to his immoral lifestyle, led to campaign against Umayyads, was killed 744
• 749 Overthrow of Umayyad Caliphs, Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah becomes first Ab-basid Caliph, though Spain maintains loyalty to Umayyad, begins break-up of Arab empire
• 751 Pepin crowned King of France (death 768
• 754 Martyrdom of  St. Boniface

         Holy Roman Empire

• 771 Charlemagne sole King of the Franks (742-814)
• 774 Charlemagne conquers Lombardy
• 776 Charlemagne returns to Saxony to stop rebellion
• 782 Charlemagne insitutes code of laws, appoints courts in Kingdom
• 786 Harun al-Rashid made Caliph in Bagdad (to 809)
• 795 Pope Leo III  (to 816)
• 800 Leo III crowns Charlegmagne Holy Roman Emperor of the Western Empire
• 802 Egbert of Wessex  (onetime english refuge under protection of Charlemagne's court) becomes King of Wessex
• 811 Krum of Bulgaria defeats, and executes Emperor Nicephorus
• 814 Louis the pious suceeds Charlemagne (till death in 843)
• 828 Egbert becomes first King of England

       Decline of Holy Roman Empire

• 843 Carolingian empire crumbles (no regular succession of holy roman emperor till 962)
• 850 Aproximately time Rurik becomes ruler of Novgorod and Kieff
• 852 Boris I  crowned first Christian King of Bulgaria (till 884)
• 865 Russian fleet (northmen) threatens Constantinople (harrass periodically to 941)
• 886 Treaty between Alfred of England and Guthrum the Old establishes the Danes in Danelaw
• 911 Hrolf Ganger establishes rule in Normandy
• 919 Henry I the Fowler elected King of Germany
• 928 Marozia (alleged mistress of Pope Sergius III) Imprisons Pope John X, siezes power in Rome
• 931 the son of Marozia and (Sergius) becomes Pope John XI, who then annulls the marrige of  Hugh of Arles, king of Italy, freeing the marriage to Marozia.
• At wedding, a quarrel ensues between Hugh, and Alberic II, son of Marozia ( from her first husband)
• 932 Alberic II, incites Roman mob, and chases Hugh from city, imprisoning Marozia. 
• 936 Alberic II marries  step sister, to ensure rule of Italy
• 955 Alberic II,  appoints son as Pope John XII on his deathbed
• 960 Northern  Sung Dynasty begins in China
• 962 Otto I, King of Germany, crowned first Saxon Emperor by Pope John XII
• 963  Otto I the Great, deposes Pope John II
• 969 A seperate Fatimid Caliphate set up in Egypt
• 973 Otto II succeeds Otto I, in turn succeeded by Otto III in 983
• 987 Hugh Capet becomes King of France, ends Carolovingian line of French Kings
• 1005  Caliph of Cordoba orders destruction of Christian Hospital in Jerusalem

      The High Middle ages

• 1016 King Canute rules England, Denmark, and Norway
• 1025 Hospice rebuilt in Jerusalem on site of the Monastary of John the Baptist
• 1037 Avicenna of Bokhara (the Father of Modern Medicine) dies
• 1066 Conquest of England by William of Normandy
• 1071 Islamic revival under Seljuk Turks, Battle of Manzikert
• 1073 Hildebrand becomes Pope Gregory VII (key figure in the Investiture Controversy  in which 1076 he excommunicates King Henry IV)
• 1077 Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (whose Father deposed 3 popes) does pennance in Cannute
• 1079 Birth of Abelard (advanced Conceptualism: That universals only exist in Mind, pre-cursur to Kant  and   A Prior i  knowledge) death 1142
• 1082 Robert Guiscard captures Durazzo
• 1084 Robert Guiscard sacks Rome
• 1087-99 Pope Urban II
• 1094 Pestilence outbreak

         The Crusades

• 1095 Pope Urban II calls for  first crusade Speech at Council of Clermont 
• 1096 Massacre of the People's Crusade
• 1099 Godfrey of Bouillon captures Jerusalem. Pope Paschal II to 1118
• 1113 Monastic order of Hospitillers recieves Papal recognition by Pope Paschal II
• 1119 Hughes de Payens founds Knights Templars
• 1134 Stephen Harding Starts the The Cistercian Order
• 1138 Kin Empire flourishes, Sung capitol moves from Nanking to Hang Chau
• 1147 The Second crusade, Accompanied by Barbarossa, nephew of King Conrad III of Germany , (suffers defeat )Afonso I of Portugal declares independence        
• Barbarossa
• 1152 Barbarossa declared King of Germany
• Friedrich Barbarossa declared Holy Roman Emperor (June 9, 1156)
• 1158 Barbarossa Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Henry II, King of England (the Lion of Justice) set out on Italian Expidition, capture Milan
• 1160 Barbarossa Declares support for Anti-Pope Victor IV, in defiance of Pope Alexander III, excommunicated as result
• 1164 Anti-Pope Victor IV dies in Lucca
• 1166 Barbarossa begins second Italian campaign in support of Anti-Pope Pascal, halted by plague
• 1169 Saladin becomes Sultan of Egypt
• 1174 barossa begins 5th Italian campaign, Henry II refuses to join
• 1176 Barbarossa suffers heavy defeat in Battle of Legnano, left for dead
• 1177 Barbarossa acknowledges supremacy of Pope Alexander at Venice, in return the Pope acknowledges the Emperor's overlordship of the Imperial Church
• 1180 Barbarossa strips Henry II of all lands, declares him an outlaw, and invades Saxony, where Henry II is defeated in 1181
• 1184 Gerad de Ridefort made grandmaster of Knights Templar (beheaded by Saladin 1189 in aftermath of the Siege of Acre
• 1187 Saladin capture Jerusalem at the Battle of Hattin.
• 1189 Barbarossa, with aid of King Phillip Augustus, of France, and King Richard the Lionhearted of England embark on Third crusade
• 1190 Barbarossa, 68, drowns crossing the Saleph River    (legends claim this was moments after he dropped the "Spear Of Destiny")
• 1193 Birth of st. Albertus Magnus (advocates the co-existence of science and religion) death 1280
• 1198 Death of AVERROËS (Arab philosopher, most known for translation and commentaries of Aristottle)
• 1161-1216  Pope Innocent III  calls for crusade, gathers forces in Venice

       Decline of Crusades

• 1201 Fourth crusade sets out from Venice, attacks Zara to pay debt, Innocent Excommunicates participants
• 1203 Crusader's set sail to Constantinople to restore crown to Alexis Angelus
• 1204 Crusader's capture Constantinople, burning much of the city. Alexius IV  takes crown, begins to collect promised fees to pay army, extends contract for more gold to protect Crown. Citizens revolt, Strangle Alexius IV, Crusading army ravages city in response
• 1206 Kutub founds Moslem capitol Delhi Sultanate
• 1212 the The Childrens Crusade Where truth and legend unite        

     Mongol Expansion

• 1214 Ghengis Khan captures Peking
• 1215 Magna carta signed
• 1216 Pope Honorius III (sanctions Dominican order, promotes 5th crusade)
• 1218 Jhengis Khan invades Kharismia
• 1221 5th crusade ends in failure, death of St. Dominic
• 1225 Birth of Thomas Aquinas (combined Aristolianism/neo-platonism within context of Christian thought) death 1274
• 1226 St. Francis of Franciscians order (friars) dies (urges vows of poverty)
• 1227 Jhengis Khan dies, succeeded by Ogdai Khan, Gregory IX made Pope
• 1228 Frederick II embarks upon 6th Crusade, aquires Jerusalem

        The Silk Road

• 1234 Mongols, Mongolia:The Shadow Empire  with help of Sung Empire, complet conquest of Kin Empire
• 1239 Frederick II excommunicated for second time
• 1240 Mongols destroy Kieff, Russia held tributary to Mongol Empire
• 1241 Mongol victory at Liegnitz in Silesia
• 1244 Egyptian Sultan recaptures Jerusalem, leads to 7th Crusade
• 1245 Frederick II re-excommunicated, Castle of New Hapsburg burnt by men of Schwyz
• 1250 St. Louis of France held ransom, Frederick II dies, last of Hohenstaufen Emperor's, German interregnum until 1273
• 1251 Mangu Khan becomes Great Khan, Kublai Khan made govenor of China
• 1258 Hulagu Khan destoys Bagdad
• 1260 Kublai Khan becomes Great Khan, Ketboga is defeated in Palestine
• 1261 Greeks recapture Constantinople from Latins

         The First Movement Towards Renaissance

• 1265 Dante born (author of the Divine Comedy, considered basis of modern Italian language) dies 1321
• 1266 Giotto born (considered first influence of renaissance art) death 1337
• 1269 Polo's deliver message of inquiry from Kublai Khan to Pope
• 1271 Marco Polo begins his infamous travels
• 1273 Rudolph Of Hapsburg elected Emperor of Germany, Swiss form Everlasting League
• 1280 Kublai Khan founds Yuan dynasty in China
• 1282-87 Marco Polo serves as Governor of Yangzhou?? (some debate as to this)
• 1291 Marco Polo begins journey back to Venice
• 1292 Death of Kublai Khan
• 1293 Death of Roger Bacon (prophet of experimental science)
• 1294 Pope Boniface VII (to 1303)
• 1295 Marco polo returns to Venice

      The Late Middle Ages

• 1297 William Wallace defeats  English army in Battle of Stirling Bridge
• 1298 Wallace suffers defeat in Battle of Falkirk
• 1303 Guillaume de Nogaret Keeper to the seal for King Phillip IV of France, captures Pope Boniface VII, local townsfolk turn against Guillaume, however, and free Pope Boniface two days later, all participants later recieve absolution.
• 1304 Birth of Petrarch (considered with Dante to be Fathers of Rennaissance) death 1374
• 1305 Clement V named Pope; Wallace executed in London
• 1306 Robert de Bruce becomes King of Scottland
• 1307  October, Friday the 13th, King Phillip IV of France has hundreds of Knights Templars arrested, and sent to Inquisitor's for confession (Legend suggests the templar fleet in La Rochelle escapes to Scotland, where they aid Robert de Bruce in war against England)
• 1308 Death of Don Scutus (founds school of Scotist, a Dogma that suggests  the universe acts upon set guidelines, however every instance is unique, which mandates observation as the only way to obtain Knowledge. This doctrine primarily pursued by Franciscians)
• 1309 Papl court set up at Avigon

       The Plague Years

• 1315 Great Famine in Europe (3 years of unussually heavy rains)
• 1318 Four Franciscians burnt for heresy at Marseilles
• 1328 Robert de Bruce negotiate Independance for Scottland
• 1330 Plague reported in Asia
• 1337 Hundred Years War  begins between England and France
• 1347 Death of Occam (opponent of Scotus, Occam's razor, If there are 2 explanations for a thing, the one with the least assumptions is best) Plague reported in Trading cities
• 1348 The Great Plague (The Black Death) crosses Europe
• 1350 Nearly 1/3 to half of European population dies in Plague years)
• 1353-54 Plague reported in eight distinct regions of China
• 1358 French peasant "simple Jack" leads popular revolt referred to as Jacquerie
• 1368 End of Yuan dynasty in China, succeeded by Ming Dynasty
• 1369 Timurlane becomes Great Khan, begins 35 years of military campaigns (to 1405)

       The Early Movements Towards Reformation

• 1384 Death of Wycliffe ( first person to write English Translation of the Bible)
• 1387 birth of Florentine artist Fra Angelico
• 1398 Huss preaches Wycliffism in Prague
• 1400 Death of Chaucer, author of the Canterbury Tales
• 1412 Joan of Arc rallies French armies
• 1414-18 Council of Constance summoned to end Great Schism, Huss burnt
• 1417 Great Schism ends, Martin V declared Pope
• 1418 Hussite rebelion in Bohemia, Martin V calls a series of Crusades against them
• 1431 Catholic Crusaders dissolve before Hussite resistance at Dolmanize, Council of Basel convened, birth of French poet and rogue Villon, Mantegna, italian renaissance artist born
• 1436 Hussites come to terms with Church
• 1439 Council of Basel leads to new Schism with Church
• 1445 Portuguese discover Cape Verde
• 1449 Council of Basel ends

        Renaissance

• 1452 Leonardo da Vinci Born
• 1453 Ottoman Turks led by Mohammed II capture Constantinople
• 1456-62 Vlad the impaler rules in Romania (also in 1448, and in  1476 slain, buried in monastary)
• 1455 Gutenburg Bible published
• 1471  Albrecht Durer, German Engraver, writer, Mathematician carver, and painter born
• 1473 Copernicus Born
• 1478 Spanish Inquisition begins
• 1480 Ivan III frees Russia from Mongol tribute
• 1481 death of Sultan Mohammed II, halts preperation for Italian Campaign, Bayazid II made Turkish Sultan (to 1512)
• 1488 Bartolmeu rounds Cape of Good Hope
• 1492 Columbus Crosses Atlantic to Americas